Analysing Blessing and An Old Woman` Essay -- Poetry Imtiaz Dharker Ar

Analysing Blessing and An Old Woman song from other CulturesQuestion 2Culture means the beliefs, traditions, and customs of people within asociety. Fundamental aspects of a culture are faith, values, andhistory. People that share a culture also share its beliefs and waysof life, which are different to others. Poetry is an effective way ofdescribing and exploring a culture, and events within it, becausecertain aspects can be expressed with vivid descriptions, and imagerythat would be unsuitable in other types of text. both(prenominal) cultures havealso used poetry as a form of storytelling, describing events thathappened to their ancestors, or even themselves. Poems can be conciseand leave some expound to the imagination of the reader, thereforethey are easier to remember, and remain in the readers mind forlonger, which makes them more memorable.---------------------------------------------------------------------The two poems that I have chosen are Blessing by Imtiaz Dharker andAn Old Woman create verbally by Arun Kolatkar. I selected these poemsbecause they are both set in poor, third-world countries, and thepeople within their communities value so strongly items that are takefor granted in developed countries. In An Old Woman, a beggar womanis trying desperately to get a fifty paise coin, which is equivalentto less than 1 pence, off a tourist. This amount of money isfrequently, and carelessly dropped on the floor without a secondglance, in countries such as our own, yet in India an elderly woman require this to survive. In Blessing water is highly valued, and everydrop is precious because their community is so short of such asubstance. However, people in our, more developed, comm... ...tent and quick-witted with the life that theylive.However, in An Old Woman this impression is not given. The beggardoes not appear to be content with her way of life and is worn andtired as a result of it. I think her discontentment is conveyed inline 20-21 bullet holes s he has for eyes. I believe this, becauseshe has to hide her true feelings from the outside to restrain anyoneknowing what she really feels, and therefor her eyes seem to justglaze over and hold no feelings. I think she does this so that she can deoxidize on trying to earn a living to stay alive, in doing thisthough, all her feelings are trapped inside and she is unable toovercome them. In doing this, it appears that she has no feelings andis completely isolated from the rest of the community. This isillustrated in line 29-30 round the shatter-proof crone who standsalone.

Mark Anthonys crypt Of The Shadowking: A Fantasy :: essays research papers

Mark Anthonys "Crypt of the Shadowking" A FantasyCrypt of the Shadowking by Mark Anthony is a fantasy tale of the neerending struggle of good against evil. The Zhentarim, the hell-bent organizationwhich is more c erstwhilerned with making a profit than the greater good of all hastaken oer the city of a thousand spires. The Harpers, a loosely construedgroup of people who are always meddling in others affairs to keep the proverbial oddment between good and evil in check, are ready to get the once bustling tradecity back on the track it once was with the help of a former member. Throughout the book there is never a dull moment, making it easy to read in merely one ortwo sittings. Anyone who loves a good fantasy should read this book.     After seven long years of traveling, the rough looking, worn out CaledanCaldorien is returning(a) to his home town Ireaebor and finds it has been takenover by a tyrant known as Cutter. In Caledans absence, Cutter has pass ed manyridiculous laws and anyone violating any of these is coerce into slavery underthe Tor which the city is set upon, where Cutter is mining to find the crypt ofthe Shadowking, where the nightstone, an ancient artifact of great and evilpower, believed to be. Caledan finds this out through a continuative within theslums and goes to find his old traveling companions who once made up the Companyof the Dreaming Dragon. After reuniting, the company goes to find the tomb ofMerrimeck to find the surreptitious of the shadow song, the known power against theShadowking and the nightstone. As the company travels to toward the Fields ofthe Dead, they encounter a shadevar, a horrifying and powerful foe thought tohave been banished from the solid ground of Toril long ago. After a wild battle, andthe death of the shadevar, the company thief, Ferrit, searches the corpse andfinds a ring which enabled the shadervar to communicate with the frighteninglypowerful creature who summoned it, and thr ough conjuring trick the mage, Morhion, findsthat the master of the shadevar was not the lord Cutter as they had once thoughtbut Cutters own lord steward, glide. After returning, Ferrit does a littlespying and finds that Snake has made a pact with the Shadowking and to conspireagainst Cutter and eventually rule over all of Toril. The Company of theDreaming Dragon devise a project to free all of the slaves and through a littleflag waving get all of the slaves and cityfolk alike to revolt against Cutter

Should Cars be more Efficient Essay -- Transportation, Automobile Indu

Should Cars Be More Efficient?Since the industrial revolution, huge steps earn been made in cost of discovering and utilizing new technologies and different types of fuel for the purposes of transmitation. Before the coming of the modern automobile, the widely used means of enrapture were horses, carriages, and walking by foot. These means of transport comprise major challenges due to the fact that transporting supplies from one w arhouse to another was difficult. However, with the introduction of the first car, it was a great reap forward towards eliminating most of the back breaker hurdles. The advent of automobiles was accompanied by a corresponding need to consume more fuel in form of oil and gas. At first, the environsal electric shock of emissions from vehicles was not felt as it could not be detected within a scope of a few years. However, the cumulative effects of the emissions from vehicles on the environment give led to the phenomenon global warming. The resultant heated debate has been whether stakeholders in the automobile industry and governments should strive to baffle cars more fuel- economic. This paper expounds on whether investments ar price being made towards making cars more economical in a bid to reduce the degree of pollution coming from current types of cars. In addition, it argues whether the snap ought to be making cars with a motive to make profit. In effect, the general idea presented in the paper is which ought to be the best way of ensuring that vehicles produced are efficient for individuals, the environment, and the economy at large. It is no doubt that automobiles have become a way of life in the current society besides the transport area contributing immensely to the economic growth of every cou... ...n the auto industry, the government, consumers, and environmentalists have indispensable roles to play in fulfilling this agenda. Though some opponents of this idea have cited a potential lack of a ready market, it is clear from the discussion that resources can be marshaled towards making new cars affordable. Efficient cars will promote showy and efficient transportation. Alternatives such as hybrid and electric vehicles and technologies such as aerodynamics and direct injection gas engines can be harnessed to make this dissemble a reality. The economy would benefit a great deal from saving a lot of money that goes into oil importation and many stemma opportunities would be created. The costs that have resulted from the impacts of global warming are an enormous burden to the economy. It would be a relief to the economy if more efficient cars are produced. Should Cars be more Efficient Essay -- Transportation, Automobile InduShould Cars Be More Efficient?Since the industrial revolution, huge steps have been made in terms of discovering and utilizing new technologies and different types of fuel for the purposes of transportation. Before the advent of the modern automobile, the widely used means of transport were horses, carriages, and walking by foot. These means of transport posed major challenges due to the fact that transporting supplies from one warehouse to another was difficult. However, with the introduction of the first car, it was a great reap forward towards eliminating most of the transportation hurdles. The advent of automobiles was accompanied by a corresponding need to consume more fuel in form of oil and gas. At first, the environmental impact of emissions from vehicles was not felt as it could not be detected within a scope of a few years. However, the cumulative effects of the emissions from vehicles on the environment have led to the phenomenon global warming. The resultant heated debate has been whether stakeholders in the automobile industry and governments should strive to make cars more fuel-efficient. This paper expounds on whether investments are worth being made towards making cars more efficient in a bid to reduce the degree of pollution coming from current types of cars. In addition, it argues whether the focus ought to be making cars with a motive to make profit. In effect, the general idea presented in the paper is which ought to be the best way of ensuring that vehicles produced are efficient for individuals, the environment, and the economy at large. It is no doubt that automobiles have become a way of life in the current society besides the transport sector contributing immensely to the economic growth of every cou... ...n the auto industry, the government, consumers, and environmentalists have indispensable roles to play in fulfilling this agenda. Though some opponents of this idea have cited a potential lack of a ready market, it is clear from the discussion that resources can be marshaled towards making new cars affordable. Efficient cars will promote clean and efficient transportation. Alternatives such as hybrid and electric vehicles and technologies such as aerodynamics and direct injection gas engines can be harnessed to make this venture a reality. The economy would benefit a great deal from saving a lot of money that goes into oil importation and many job opportunities would be created. The costs that have resulted from the impacts of global warming are an enormous burden to the economy. It would be a relief to the economy if more efficient cars are produced.

Critical Prespective Native Son :: essays papers

Critical Prespective Native Son Richard Wright marked the beginning of a new era in black fiction. He was one ofthe eldest American writers of his time to confront his readers with the effects of racism. Wright had a way of telling his reader about his own life through his writing. He is best cognize for his novel, Native Son, which is deeply rooted in his personal life and the times in which he lived. This paper will discuss this outstanding American writer, his super acclaimed novel, Native Son, and how his life influenced his writing.Richard Nathaniel Wright, was born on September 4, 1908 in Roxie, Mississippi. His father was a sharecropper and his mother a schoolteacher. In search for better art his father moved the family to Memphis, Tennessee. While in Memphis, hisfather call oned as a night porter in a hotel and his mother worked as a establish for aCaucasian family. Shortly after their move to Memphis, Wrights father deserted hisfamily. His mother then tried to view any work she could find to support her family. Then, at the age of seven his mother became ill and was unable to financially support her family. As a result, the family had to move to Jackson, Mississippi to live with relatives. Wright remained in Jackson until 1925 (Walker, 13).In 1925, Wright left Jackson and headed as far as his money could take him, andthat was Memphis, Tennessee. Memphis was the exact same city in which his father hadinterpreted his family to find a better life and where he abandoned them. Wrights first trip to Memphis ended in disappointment, desertion, and deprivation. While there Wright foundwork as a messenger for an optical company. He lived in Memphis for approximatelytwo years. During that time, he witnessed the deep and violent South which eventuallywould permanently cross him for life. Margaret Walker wrote I am convinced that the best of Richard Wrights fiction grew out of thefirst nineteen years of his life. All he ever wrote of he avy(p) strength andterrifying beauty must be understood in this light. His subjects and themes,his folk references and history, his characters and places come from theSouth of his childhood and adolescence. His morbid interest inviolence-lynching, rape, and murder-goes rump to the murky twilight of asouthern past. Out of this racial nightmare marked with racial suffering,

Travel Writing: Romantics to Newspaper :: Analysis Literature Traveling Essays Papers

Travel Writing Romantics to Newspaper After reading various works from Romantic travel writers such as Gilpin, Wordsworth, Goethe and others, I was implicated in how their writings conventions have changed when a different medium is used. Every Saturday the local newspaper, The Edmonton Journal, has a section that is strictly dedicated to travel destinations and topics pertaining to travel. Appropriately named Travel, this section describes foreign locations for tourist and travelers. Its phrases contrast the Romantics description of the environment by having less emphasis on the fork upsque and sublime, more focus on historical background, and greater event in the lives of people living there. I believe that these differences are credited largely to one factor the writings medium influences what is being stressed as the office of the writer is different. Travel articles focus largely on describing nature only in terms of basic description. When referencing a scene with specific characteristics (such as cliffs, waterfalls or mountains) the Romantic writer describes the scene as if the reader has very little experience or expectation for what the scene should look like. The result is often sybaritic description after elaborate description. Newspaper travel sections do not dread themselves with such sensory description near the same extent for a number of reasons. The newspaper focuses less on creating imagery for the reader because of the increase in availability to travel, images of the picturesque and sublime on television and movies, and the presence of photographs physically next to the text. 1. Nearly every article, within this section, is accompanied by a large photograph showing the landscape. By presenting the writers description of the land next to the photograph, the article intrinsically promotes a comparison by the reader, contrasting the colourful photograph with the writers words. If the photograph presents a landscape different from the viv id description of the travel writer (which inevitably happens with readers mental constructs) the reader will find it hard to trust the writer in the accuracy of description. The writer wisely follows the saying that a picture says a thousand words and is better off letting the picture do the talking. After all, the journalist has less space and more constrictions than the novelist does. 2. The dominant concern for the travel journalist is conveying what they want in a limited space. The journalist does not have space to elaborately describe every cliff, river or valley. It is, therefore, up to the writer to assume that, with the addition of the given photographs, the reader would be able to visualize a serene waterfall or placid lake.

Travel Writing: Romantics to Newspaper :: Analysis Literature Traveling Essays Papers

Travel Writing wild-eyeds to Newspaper After reading various works from Romantic buy the farm generators such as Gilpin, Wordsworth, Goethe and others, I was interested in how their writings conventions have changed when a different medium is used. Every Saturday the local newspaper, The Edmonton Journal, has a section that is strictly dedicated to travel destinations and topics pertaining to travel. Appropriately named Travel, this section describes exotic locations for tourer and travelers. Its articles contrast the Romantics description of the environment by having less emphasis on the picturesque and sublime, more focus on historical background, and greater detail in the lives of people living there. I believe that these differences are credited largely to one factor the writings medium influences what is being stressed as the purpose of the writer is different. Travel articles focus largely on describing nature only in terms of basic description. When referencing a scene wi th specific characteristics (such as cliffs, waterfalls or mountains) the Romantic writer describes the scene as if the reader has very little experience or expectation for what the scene should look like. The result is often elaborate description after elaborate description. Newspaper travel sections do not concern themselves with such sensory description near the same extent for a piece of reasons. The newspaper focuses less on creating imagery for the reader because of the increase in availability to travel, images of the picturesque and sublime on television and movies, and the presence of photographs physically contiguous to the text. 1. Nearly every article, within this section, is accompanied by a large photograph showing the landscape. By presenting the writers description of the land next to the photograph, the article as such promotes a comparison by the reader, contrasting the colourful photograph with the writers words. If the photograph presents a landscape different from the vivid description of the travel writer (which inescapably happens with readers mental constructs) the reader will find it hard to trust the writer in the accuracy of description. The writer wisely follows the saying that a picture says a thousand words and is better off letting the picture do the talking. After all, the journalist has less space and more constrictions than the novelist does. 2. The dominant concern for the travel journalist is conveying what they want in a limited space. The journalist does not have space to elaborately describe every cliff, river or valley. It is, therefore, up to the writer to assume that, with the addition of the given photographs, the reader would be able to visualize a serene waterfall or placid lake.

Poetry Analysis Essay

Echoes of Goodbye by Patricia A. Queen is a skilfully crafted poem that describes the hardships of someone who lost their father at a young age and is recollecting memories of their haunting past. The prevalent fields discussed in the poem, concerning death, loss and suffering, are enhanced by the many poetic devices employed by the poet. The prime(prenominal) stanza adopts a foreboding tone and utilises vivid, striking imagery to enhance its meaning. Emotion and passion is what really sets this poem alight and brings it to life.In the starting time two lines, powerful, descriptive phrases such as endless footsteps and grieving people enrich the ideas and themes of loss, and create a reminiscent air typical of the gothic genre. The poet uses personification to evoke a melancholy yet cryptic aura The black clouds hide the crying sky (3). The first stanza concludes by establishing an image of sadness in the readers mind Amid those timeworn, lonely echoes of goodbye. This quote furt her implies a haunting, echoing tone which is maintained throughout the poem.The rhyming approach pattern used in the first four lines is AABB, and this particular pattern emphasises the rhythm of the poem. Furthermore, the imagery in first stanza implies the setting is a gravegrard, with the endless footsteps and timeworn echoes of goodbye suggesting the speaker is in a place of sadness and death. These incredibly meaningful first four lines set the scene for the rest of the poem. The second verse of this poem introduces a different graphic symbol of narration by recalling memories in the form of an anecdote.This is seen in the first line, A young man lived here with a wife, a child, a song. The cumulative listing of his most dear assets reiterates all the earthly possessions he has left behind. The main ideas discussed in this stanza are isolation and abandonment. This is specially seen in the last line, left hand them in a dark, black and shadowed shroud. The deliberate alli teration of the sh sound heightens the tension and displays use of another poetic technique.This line also makes fictional character to the undercurrent of sadness and sorrow that lie beneath the surface of the poem. The third stanza explores how pain and guilt can be a central experience of the theme of loss and death, and this is specifically expressed through the symbolic association of the child in the poem, to ideas of innocence and ignorance. This is blatantly seen through the clever positioning of a rhetorical question in the last line Why hadnt he told he told me goodbye? This one line alone directly questions the reader and plants seeds of doubt, especially when viewed from a naive childs perspective. This poem is also an allegory for the personas struggle, longing and loss. This effect is achieved by incorporating a personal share seen in line 9 & 10 They buried my daddyI cried as I held Mommas hand. The painful imagery such as in the line, Those tears on her face revea led all the pain allows the emotion to seep through the language used, to strike chords of sorrow in our hearts.The reference to the funeral in line 13 forces the reader to associate it with death and also rouses sad connotations, which is the intended purpose of the poem. In this stanza the poet also breaks the original four-lined stanza form and alters the rhyming pattern to ABAB/CDCD. This technique exemplifies the variety of the poem and introduces a new pulse. By arranging the ideas in the third stanza as a series of nostalgic yet comprehend memories, the poet reveals all the raw emotion and grief experienced by the persona which adds authenticity and a realistic edge to the poem.The fourth stanza is identical to the first, and this has deliberately been make to create a suspenseful and ominous ending. The circular structure of the poem brings us back to where the poem began, to end it on a sinister and inauspicious note. In this stanza he technique employed by the poet is f oreshadowing, since it leaves us unsure of events to come and places a cloud of uncertainty in our minds. Lastly the poem draws to a close, Amid those timeworn, lonely echoes of goodbye. The repeated sensory imagery provides a fitting conclusion to an exceptional poem.

Music affect the growth of a plant Essay

Plant surfaceth is the development of seeds of a lay down, which great power be surrounded by a protective and nutrient rich layer called the fruit, into plant tissue that includes roots, leaves, and the subject (along with all the cells and early(a) things that this tissue is composed of) to micturate a fully functioning, living, multi-cellular, eukaryotic organism that lacks the ability to move (a plant). Their growth is affected by several factors that include soil moisture, soil pH, sunlight, nitrogen-content of the soil and more.If rough these factors are affected in negative ways, then there can be both(prenominal) negative outcomes on the plant itself which could include death. medication might also be one of these affecting factors. In this try, two very young plants (pinto bean fools Phaseolus vulgaris) will be planted at the aforementioned(prenominal) time and will have the equal amount of everything from sunlight to the amount of water they get daily.After th ey have openhanded a little and the stem has begun to emerge from within the cotyledons of the bean, they are then separated, and one plant sits in the peace and quiet as a control plot of ground the other is subjected to some serious loud unison. If conditions are right, the music should stimulate the plants growth. Hypothesis If a pinto bean sprout (Phaseolus vulgaris) plant is grown in a quiet field of operations and another pinto bean sprout is grown in an area with loud music playing, the plant in the area with music will grow to be much larger.The amount of growth will be measured with a metric ruler in centimeters Variables Independent Variables Temperature, Light, Water These three factors are equally distributed among both plants, so only variable that would affect plant growth is the music played. Type of Plant and soil same eccentric person of bean sprout used for both plants as to ensure that there are no other variables other than the music beingness played for the plant along with the same type of garden soil Dependent Variables The height of both plants after a day of one plant being exposed to silence and the other to music.Control of Variables 1. Get to pinto beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) to be grown that are identical to ensure no other affecting variables in this sample other than the music being played. 2. Expose both plants to identical conditions of moisture, temperature, sunlight and have both of them grow in the same type of garden soil and they will be grown in containers with the same size as well. 3. For the plant being exposed to music, the same album is played over and over so the type of music is consistent. Materials and Method Materials2 pinto bean sprouts (Phaseolus vulgaris) 180 ml of water 2 plant pots top opening is 4 inch diamter 2x euchreg of garden soil 500 watt stereo Metric Ruler Linkin Park Album Hybrid Theory 100 ml graduated cylinder Method and Procedure 1. instruct the 2 plant pots and fill them each with 500 g of garden soil 2. Then, take a pinto bean and plant it in each of the pots plant each bean so that it is just barely submerged under the soil. 3. Then, take each pot to a different hole, but a location in which both plants will be exposed to the same amount of sunlight, heat, etc4. Then, just leave one plant in the serenity of its surroundings (its the control) and place the 500 watt stereo next to the other plant. Put the CD into the stereo and have the stereo play at active three-fourths its full volume and have it play next to the plant and have it play for a minimum of 7 hours next to the plant. Look at the diagram below for more information. 5. At noon give both plants 30 ml of water using the graduated cylinder. Do this again at 6 p. m. 6. The next day, note your observations and record your findings in a table.7. Then feed the plants again and play the music for at least 7 hours and record the observations at one time more the next day. SETUP Data Collection and Eva luation Table The effect of music on plant growth Day Plant without Music Plant with Music 1 The plant had sprout and a small stem began to appear- 2 cm in length The plant had also sprouted and a stem larger than that of the other plants appeared- about 2. 47 cm 2 The plant continued to grow and the stem had reached a height of approximately 3. 22 cm.The plants stem also continued to grow but the stem had now reached a height of about 3. 85 cm Data Evaluation From the numbers and observations presented in the above data, that as time passed and the plants were closely monitored, the plant that had the music playing seemed to grow a lot more than the plant that grew in the quiet and serene environment the quiet plant ended with a height of 3. 22 cm while the plant with music ended with a height of about 3. 85 cm. Conclusion and Evaluation Conclusion.In the above data, it is deciphered that plants that grow with music grow much more than plants that grow in a quieter environment. Th is all has to do with the fact that different factors affect or stimulate plants, and plump is one of them. And, from the data, sound is a positive stimuli as it increased plant growth in one of the plants. This verifies the hypothesis and, since there are other results on the internet as well to verify that music really does stimulate plants, the results are plausible and reliable.Limitations Not everything can go according to plan or as hoped and so these errors that occurred during the experiment provide a basis from which the experiment can be proved 1. There was only one trial instead of several and the experiment in this one trial was over a 48 hour period and it should have been longer so that the true comparison of the difference between a plant grown with music and a plant grown without music can be easily made. 2.Only one type of music (rock) was used and so it is now unknown whether different kinds of music and sound also act as a different stimulus for the plant. Sugges tions for Improvement To defecate a much better and more reliable experiment, the experiment should be carried on for about a 4 day period in enunciate to acquire more results than can show the differences between plants with and without music. Then, there should be at least 3 different plants one control, one with a type of music, and another with a different type of music.This then will help to go deeper and explore this stimulus of sound toward plants on different levels. This entire experiment should then be at least repeated one more time to ensure plausible results.Bibliography http//forums. gardenweb. com/forums/load/teach/msg0113244514471. hypertext mark-up language? /teach/msg0113244514471. html http//www. sproutnet. com/toc. htm http//www. gcagators. org/Activities/fair/jason/analysis. htm.

A Response to “How Teachers Make Children Hate Reading” Essay

Summary John Holt is a former t all(prenominal)er who sh argons personal anecdotes in his essay How Teachers Make Children Hate Reading. Holt remembers taking a traditional approach to teaching as a beginning elementary school teacher. He initially thought that quizzing students over assigned readings and requiring them to use a lexicon to look up unfamiliar words was a best practice. However, a conversation with his sister challenges him to think critically about the effectiveness of his style, and he realizes his methods were foolish (359). An avid reader, Holt recalls he never looked up words in a dictionary as a child, but the lack of a dictionary did non collapse him any less intelligent or appreciative of language. He, like many other literate people he met, developed his lexicon by encountering the same words over and over again, in different contexts (359). Holts understanding of what it takes to nurture a love of reading in children from an previous(predicate) age evolv es throughout the essay. He argues that reading would be a more enjoyable experience for children if parents and teachers allowed children to read stories that interest them and not expect them to understand every(prenominal) word or interpret every meaning behind it. Critique I discovered several strengths and weaknesses in Holts argument. I agree with him that it is surrealistic to expect children to look up words in a dictionary to appreciate words.Holt is not against using a dictionary as long as the reader uses it practically to look up words that interest him or her. To look them up in order to fulfill an assignment, however, will not secure vocabulary development. It is possible that forcing words upon a beginning reader will do more harm than good. For most children, larn how to read is similar to scholarship a new language, and this skill set improves with practice and patience. I also agree when he says we must s careful not to embarrass students if they make mistakes this method usually causes the student to give up altogether. However, Holts argument at times seems biased and over generalized. For example, he asserts that for most children school was a place of danger, and their main business in school was staying out of danger as much as possible (360). His implication that children hate reading because they devotion making mistakes is valid, but I disagree that most of them view their teachers as literary predators.Childrens attitudes about reading and education in general are affected by a number of factors such as learning styles, personality, the acquired habits, and intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. To place the blame on us teachers in his comprehensive comments about how we humiliate and shame children through our teaching methods is unfair because I can think of several examples where this is not always true or was not necessarily true during the time he wrote the essay. His suggestions about how teachers should assess and evaluate student writing contradicts many of the modern teaching guides I have read, which accede that holistic grading includes teacher and student feedback. Application Holts essay allowed me to think critically about my own teaching methods and reflect on what has worked successfully in the classroom and what has not. Many college students take English because it is a requirement and their attitudes toward writing are much like the freshman that Holt describes in the conclusion of the article.They are very anxious about their writing even if they are strong writers, and they seldom write for pleasure rather than for necessity. Holt discourages teachers from using reading as a tool for public humiliation and promotes student-centered learning, which I advocate. While I realize there are students who depend on being told exactly what to do for each assignment they are given, I have observed that most students thrive when they have control over what they learn and discover new ideas indepe ndently and collectively. This is showcase of learning is supported by positive reinforcement. Rather than settling on any one way to motivate students, I realize that effective learning comes from an array of different approaches, and sometimes old-school teaching methods still are useful.Works CitedHolt, John. How Teachers Make Children Hate Reading. The Norton Reader. Eds. Peterson, Linda et. al. 13th edition. New York W.W. Norton & Company, 2012. pg. 358 366.

Reaction Paper on Global Warming Essay

How many among us have proclaimed at least once, in a preferably self-righteous manner, that we ar some angiotensin converting enzyme who is environment-friendly or someone who is eco-conscious? Almost all of us have been guilty of making such a grand contention without fully k straightawaying what it really means. After all, being hide-friendly is very much in fashion nowadays. No one will last an hour intimate a mall without seeing fashionable ladies toting a canvass bag or wearing shirts that allude to their propensity to recycle or to plant trees. It makes one wonder though how many of these canvass-toting individuals know how many years does our planet has left before it reaches an environmental tipping point or in what year was the hottest earth temperature recorded.I admit that I am one of those individuals who proclaimed and believed that I am a friend of the earth. After all, I try to conserve weewee as much as I can and I segregate garbage whenever I have the chance. But like many individuals out there, I was ignorant about the real issue concerning our environment, that is until I have seen the documentary An Inconvenient Truth. Directed by Davis Guggenheim and featuring former United States vice president Al thrust, the documentary zeros in on the subject of global heating and how it is affecting and will affect the planet Earth.The Effectiveness of Al Gore Technical and cinematic achievements aside, I believe the best contribution of this subscribe to is that it has made the issue of global warming accessible to ordinary individuals. Gore plays the role of environmental spokesperson well. He provides a believable and authoritative personality to the documentary and to the issues it is trying to expose. Much of the popularity that the delineation has enjoyed it owes to Gores ability to act as an dependable and a fellow observer at the same time.When this film was released, not a few have surmised that it is nothing but a gimmick to prope l Al Gore back into the White House. After watching the film though, many of Gores detractors have been transformed into followers. The fact that there is now a different person in the Palace is a vindication for Gore and a proof of his sincerity and lack of political agenda. The strongest point of Gore lies in his ability to convey urgency while at the same time maintaining a hopeful attitude and optimistic outlook which is not an clear feat to achieve when you are talking about the current state of the environment.The Message of the Film The message of this film is very clear that global warming is real and we must do something about it or we will suffer the consequences. According to Gore, the planet has about ten more years before it reaches a tipping point at which instance there would be little that we can do already. The best part about Gores message is that they are presented not without scientific evidence and proofs. The following scientific phenomena and materials are us ed to support the films main thesis before and after photographs of thawing ice glaciers temperature records from the 1980s that show that the ten hottest years have occurred in the last three decades the Keeling curve which measures the rising level of CO2 a get that shows that carbon dioxide concentrations are higher now than at any point in history. The presentation of these pieces of evidence are essential to lending veracity to the films core message. Without them, Al Gore would simply appear as a preacher pointing to some distant doomsday.Visually Engaging One of the foremost things that you will ready while watching An Inconvenient Truth is how engaging and enjoyable the experience is and this is largely because of the visuals that were used in the film. From the opening scene, when we were shown the now noteworthy photograph of the earth taken by the first Americans who went to space , the audience were being foretold that the film is going to be one visual treat. Thr oughout the film, bonny and terrible images were precisely interwoven to help achieve the films goal of sending out the dual message of making people realize how beautiful our planet is and making us see the extent of the destruction that has already been done.Not a few individuals were turned off when they learned that this film is a documentary. But if only these individuals gave the film a chance then they would have been amazed at the fact that it is one such visual achievement. Documentaries curiously those that deal with subjects relating to the environment have a reputation of being boring and uninteresting. The An Inconvenient Truth may just change peoples feel about environmental films and even documentaries as a whole with its engaging style and arresting elements.ConclusionAn Inconvenient Truth is a film that should be seen by anyone who cares for the environment and for the future of humanity and our planet. It is one of the most accessible materials that has ever b een produced about the subject of global warming. It is easy to dismiss the criticism that the icon is plain propaganda because of the many sound scientific pieces of evidence that the film present. The An Inconvenient Truth actually is a well presented and entertaining thesis on the naturalism of the global warming phenomenon and the things that we can do to stop it to avoid a total disaster that is looming to happen in the near future.

Implementation and evaluation of technology plan in schools Essay

Following the important role played by technology in current industrial society, on that point is ofttimes need to stop technology in schooltimes to help students prepare for the rapid changing world. Incorporation of technology in schools pass on not only arouse learning but pull up stakes also support education reform goals. To this end, in inn to ensure effective integration of technology in schools, there is need to ensure that there is collaboration and sharing of vision among schools, community members, parents, educators as well as business leaders.This allow help to ensure that the formulate does not help in acquisition of software and computers alone but have promoted collaboration, professional development, meaningful learning capable of adjusting to any change. Implementation of Webpage SharePoint in schools The capital punishment of webpage SharePoint will help in developing a collaborative online link for teachers, parents geared towards enrichment of students activities.Incorporation of webpage in school will allow a centralized location where teachers and parents could interact and get to learn on the development a crossway all schools while still providing a modelling to share ideas, discuss issues and develop rapport with another(prenominal) teachers and parents. Incorporation of webpage and SharePoint will be able to foster a greater sense in pop the question participation and shared purpose across school by timely, continuous and consistent information (Alfinio, Jonathan, James & Fredrick, 2000).Implication of Webpage on mathematics Implementation of webpage in school will help in preparing and modeling of respective teachers with technologies, tools and strategies consistent with National standards as well as with standards of other schools. It will also provide a framework for curriculum development, teaching and assessment of prospective teaching expected from teachers.This as a result will help to ensure that through webpa ge, teachers address the needs of students through incorporation of teaming in teaching and planning development of flexible interdisciplinary thematic block scheduling and curriculum units as well as formation of cooperative heterogeneous grouping (Alfinio, Jonathan, James & Fredrick, 2000). Implementation of Parent link in schools According to Science Daily (2009) with death penalty of parent link as a new parent communication system.Parents will be provided with minaneous messages through telephone text messaging and e-mail. This will prove very fundamental in enhancing message conveyance for homework assignments, weather cancellations. This sophisticated system will help school to alert parents to the completion of the school as well as students test score. With a special code, implementation of parent link parents will be notified of the attention of their children through an automated message.The technology have been successfully implemented and proved quick and reliable i n Osceola Township where it works very efficiently in alerting parents on a snow day, (Tom, 2009). In enhancing mathematics, the parentlink will have four tabs in mathematics, science, English language and social science where the parent will be provided with an access of how the child is learning the grade level the child is as well as the state standards for each subject, (Maria, 2010).On institutional organization, implementation of parent link will provide educators and parents with a snapshot of the performance of the child from the student profile, the support system the child needs in order to improve on performance. Through the parent link, the school will be well equipped with the student as well as parents data based on meal codes, test scores, home language and others which will be fundamental in supporting the family as well as the child.Parent link will provide parents with timely access of their childrens information thereby allowing them to contact the school immediat ely they come a cross inaccurate information (Maria, 2010). Maria, (2010) explains Aris parent link system has provided families with information about their school as well as of other schools, information that has enabled parents to collaborate with teachers in addressing the strengths and weaknesses of their students. Helped parents to make a choice of helping the school as well as in selecting a school of their choice. Why implement Skype Technology in schools.Science Daily (2009) explains that even without direct input from a teacher, as long as there is an environment that stimulates curiosity, is possible for children to teach themselves and share disposed(p) knowledge. A process called minimally invasive education. When Skype technology is incorporated in the school, it will offer an ideal resolution for team-based education. With Skype webcam chats, students will be provided with an authentic stimulate and enough access to a free personal tutor. This will also enable stu dents to collaborate with their English-learning fellows and especially through face-book.Glendon & Kathleen (2009) observes that in Wiregrass High School, students benefit in exchanging questions and answers with their teachers via SMS and browse classroom blogs for additional instruction. As a collaborative tool, Skype have helped students to quickly trade notes while other simply takes a snapshot of the blackboard for later studying. On instructional organization, Implementation of Skype software in schools will facilitate and allow teachers to work in those schools situated in undesirable and away locations without leaving their offices. Skype and mathematicsBy 2011, Skype technology should be able to provide collaboration in mathematics through web environment. It should be made to incorporate such features an interface with browser to ensure that students and teachers are able to login from anywhere, an automatic TeX formatting filter for formula typing by teachers and stude nts, (Science Daily, 2009). This implementation of Skype in school curriculum will therefore help students collaborate in computing a complex problem, work on currency conversion, and calculate time zones for other countries among other applications (Science Daily, 2009).Implementation of Skype in schools will facilitate connection between teachers and students world wide through real-time synchronous discussions, audio and text chat, instant file sharing and video conferences. Skype will allow teachers to collaborate and network with their fellow educators students with the help of Skype will be privileged to surrender their assignments and get bear the graded scores from their teachers (Science Daily, 2009).From the discussion above, it is very clear that it is not possible for computers to replace good teachers. However, this technology can be utilized to ensure a high standard of learning in the schools while still allowing teachers to remain at their desirable areas. To this e nd, incorporation of technology in schools should not be considered a threat to teaching rather an asset to enhance the same (Science Daily, 2009).

Kabaddi: South Asian Games and Bonus Line

Kabaddi is aptly known as the GAME OF THE MASSES due to its popularity, simplicity, easy to drudge rules, and public appeal. The spunky c whollys for no sophisticated equipment what so ever, which makes it a very popular romp in the developing countries. It is basically an out door sport vie on clay court, of late the game is being played on synthetic surface indoors with great success. The duration of the game is 45 minutes for MEN & Junior BOYS with a 5 minutes break in between for the teams to change sides.The duration of the game is 35 minutes with a 5 miniutes break in between for WOMEN, GIRLS, Sub-Junior BOYS and Sub-Junior GIRLS. Kabaddi is a combative team game, played on a rectangular court, either out-doors or indoors with septet role players on the ground for each side. Each side appropriates alternate chances of offence and abnegation. The basic idea of the game is to pee storeys by raiding into the oppositenesss court and soupcon as many defense players as po ssible without getting caught on a single breath. During play, the players on the defensive side are called Antis while the player of the offense is called the Raider.Kabaddi is mayhap the only combative sport in which round out is an individual attempt while defense is a group effort. The attack in Kabaddi is known as a Raid. The antis touched by the forager during the attack are declared out if they do not succeed in catching, the raider before he returns to home court. These players can resume play only when their side lashings points against the opposite side during their raiding turn or if the be players succeed in catching the opp 1nts raider. Yoga, the Indian science to control body and mind with meditation and self-control . lays an integral founder of Kabaddi. The raider has to innovate the opponents court chanting the word Kabaddi while holding his breath and has to continue to do so until he returns to his home court. This is known as Cant, which is closely relat e to Pranayama of yoga. While Pranayama is about with holding breath in order to exercise internal organs, cant is the means to with hold breath with vigorous physical activity. This is perhaps one of the few sports to combine yoga with hectic physical activity.The game calls for agility, good lung capacity, muscular co-ordination, presence of mind and quick responses. For a single player to reckon on seven opponents is no mean task, requires dare as well as an ability to concentrate and anticipate the opponents moves. TECHNIQUES OF KABADDI decease ORIGIN The sport has a long history dating prickle to pre-historic whiles. It was probably invented to ward off croup attacks by individuals and vice-versa. The game was very popular in the southern part of Asia played in its distinct lay passs under different names.A dramatized version of the great Indian epic, the Mahabharata. has made an analogy of the game to a tight situation set about by Abhimaneu, the heir of the Pandava k ings when he is surrounded on all sides by the enemy. Buddhist literature speaks of the Gautam Buddha contend Kabaddi for recreation. History also reveals that princes of yore played Kabaddi to display their intensity and win their brides The game, known as Hu-Tu-Tu in Western India, Ha-Do-Do in Eastern India & Bangladesh, Chedugudu in Southern India and Kaunbada in Northern India, has undergone a sea chance through the ages.Modem Kabaddi is a synthesis of the game played in its versatile forms under different names. TOP FORMS OF KABADDI AMAR Amar literally means invincible. This is a form of Kabaddi, which is played base -on points scored by both sides. The play field has no specific measurements and nine to eleven players constitute each of the teams. In this form of Kabaddi, there is no out and . revival remains or Iona simply time is the deciding factor. The main advantage of this form of the game is that tile players remain in the court through out the tally and are able to attain their best performanceGEMINI This form of Kabaddi is played with nine players on either side, in a play-field of no specific measurements. The principle trace of this form of Kabaddi is that a player who is put out has to remain out until all his team members are put out. The team that is successful in lay out all the players of the opponents side secures a point. This is akin to the present system of Iona. After all the players are put out, the team is revived and the game continues. The game continues until five or seven Iona are secured. The game has no fixed time.The main disadvantage of this form of Kabaddi is that the player Is not in position to give his best performance since he is likely to remain out for the better part of the refer until a Iona is scored. SANJEEVANI This form of Kabaddi is the closest to the present game. In this form of Kabaddi, players are put out and revived and the game lasts for 40 minutes with a 5-minute break in between. The team con sists of nine players on each side. The team that puts out all the players on the opponents side scores four extra points for a Iona.The winning team is the one that scores the maximum number of points at the end of 40 minutes. The play field is bigger in this form of Kabaddi and the cant was different in various regions. Modem Kabaddi resembles this form of Kabaddi a great deal peculiarly with regard to out & revival system and Iona. The present form of Kabaddi is a synthesis of all these forms of Kabaddi with a good number of changes in the rules and regulations. TOP THE GAMES HISTORY Kabaddi accomplish field of study status in the year 1918. Maharashtra was the pioneer state to bring the game to the National platform and give it further popularity.Standard rules and regulations were formulated in 1918 but were brought out in print in the year 1923 and in this very year, an All India Tournament was unionised at Baroda with these rules. Kabaddi has not looked back since then a nd many hitchnaments are organized all over the country through out the year. Kabaddi received its first Inter-National exposure during the 1936 Berlin Olympics, demonstrated by Hanuman Vyayam Prasarak Mandal, Amaravati, Maharashtra. The game was introduced in the Indian Olympic Games at Calcutta, in the year 1938.It was in 1950, that the All India Kabaddi Federation came into existence. Regular conduct of National direct championships as per laid down rules and regulations began with effect from the year 1952. After the formation of the Amateur Kabaddi Federation of India, the first mens Nationals were held in Madras (now re-named Chennai), while the womens Nationals were held in Calcutta in the year 1955. The rules were modified and just about changes were introduced to the game during the National Championships held at New Delhi in the year 1954.Efforts were made to demonstrate the game in the World Youth Festival held at capital of the Russian Federation in the year 1957, bu t due to various unforeseen reasons, this could not be accomplished. The game was included in the curriculum of the Indian University Sports Control advance as a main sports dec border in the year 1961. The game got further recognition when the School Games Federation of India included it in the school games in the year 1962. This body has taken up the responsibility of organizing state and national level competitions for school going children all over the country in various sports on a regular basis, every year.The Amateur Kabaddi Federation of India, the new body, came into existence in the year 1972. This body was formed with a view to broadcast the game in the neighboring countries and organize regular National level Men and Women tournaments. After the formation of this body, sub-junior and junior sections were included in Kabaddi national level tournaments, as a regular feature. Kabaddi was included in the curriculum of Regular Diploma courses in coaching conducted by the N ational Institute of Sports, the premier fetch to develop sports in the country with effect from the year 1971. at that place after, qualified coaches in Kabaddi are being produced every ear. The neighboring countries, Nepal & Bangladesh also send I their coaches for the parchment course in various disciplines including Kabaddi, regularly. These qualified coaches are equipped to train players at different levels in a systematic manner with sports science back up. In the year 1974, the Indian mens team toured Bangladesh as part of the cultural exchange program to play five test matches in different parts of the country.The Bangladesh returned the visit in the year 1979 and played five test matches in India. The Asian Amateur Kabaddi Federation was formed in the year 1978, during the capital jubilee celebrations of National Kabaddi Championships in India, organized at Bhilai, Madhya Pradesh. The first Asian Championship in Kabaddi was organized in Calcutta, in the year 1980. A good will tour was organized in the year 1981 in which, the Indian men & women teams visited Thailand, Japan and Malaysia to play exhibition Kabaddi matches.Federation Cup Kabaddi matches also commenced in the year 1981. Kabaddi was included as a demonstration game in the IX Asian Games hosted by India in the year 1982. In the year 1984, an open Inter- National tournament was organized at Bombay (now renamed as Mumbai), in India. During the Tri-Centenary celebrations of the city of Calcutta, an Inter-National Invitation Kabaddi Tournament was organized in the city. The South Asian Federation included Kabaddi as a regular sports discipline from the year 1984. Kabaddi was played for first time in the SAF games at Dacca, Bangladesh.Since then Kabaddi is being included in every SAF Games, which is played every once in two years. For the first time in the Inter-National Kabaddi scenario, India faced defeat at the hands of Pakistan and had to be satisfied with second place, winning the silver medal, in the VI SAF Games at Dacca, Bangladesh, in the year 1993. The second Asian Championship was hosted by India and was organized at Jaipur, Rajasthan. Malaysia and Japan participated for the first time in this Championship. In the XI Asian Games held in the year 1990 at Beijing, China, Kabaddi was included in the main disciplines.This was a major landmark in the history of Kabaddi. India won the Gold Medal, which was a proud and unforgettable moment for Kabaddi lovers who had strived to bring Kabaddi to the Asian platform. India has been the reigning champion in the succeeding Asian Games held in 1994 at Hiroshima, Japan and in the Asian Games held in 1998 at Bangkok in Thailand. An International Women Kabaddi tournament commenced in the year 1995, called the Nike Gold Cup, sponsored by NIKE, Japan. The III Asian Championship was hosted by Sri-Lanka in the year 2000.For the first time, Sri-Lanka secured a silver medal, defeating Kabaddi stalwarts Pakistan, in this Championshi p. Kabaddi will be introduced to the African countries as a demonstration sport in the Afro-Asian Games, which is to be hosted by India in the year 2002. This is a feather in the cap for Kabaddi lovers and has been made possible thanks to the efforts of Mr. J. S. Gehlot, President, Amateur Kabaddi Federation of India and the Indian Olympic Association. TOP DEVELOPMENT OF THE GAME There is a gradual but marked change in the style of the game during the past fifty years.What was once considered a game of brawn is not so now. The introduction of more techniques to the came has made it relatively easier for a player with more skill than weight to score points against better-built opponents. everyplace the years, the games ruler changed along with the rules and the size of the playfield. The concept of Kabaddi as an Indigenous Game of India first came up during the year 1921 in Maharashtra, when a certain framework of rules was disposed(p) and the game was played on the pattern of Sanj eevani & Gemini in a combined form.A special committee was constituted in 1923 which amended the rules. These rules were applied in an All India Kabaddi Tournament organized during the same year. It was the Hanuman Vyayam Prasarak Mandal, Amaravati, Maharashtra, which took up the task of organizing and developing Kabaddi in a more systematic & scientific manner. This Institution believes in the maxim A healthy mind in a healthy body, and has been doing yeomans service to sports in general and indigenous games in particular, over the years.During the years 1927 to 1952, Kabaddi was played in different parts of the country based on rules framed by the various clubs and organizing committees, which mushroomed and gained in prominence. There were frequent disputes over the rules during tournaments owe to lack of uniformity in the rules and regulations followed in various parts of the country. In Maharashtra, the pioneering state to regularize the game and bring it to the National platf orm, Kabaddi, which was known as Hu-Tu-Tu, was played according to the rules framed by the Deccan Gymkhana from 1928 to I 938.The introduction of the game to the Inter-national arena as a demonstration game in the 1936 Berlin Olympics led to the inclusion of Kabaddi in the list of priority games of the Indian Olympic Committee, in the year 1940. Thereafter, Inter-provincial Kabaddi tournaments were organized biannually. The matches at the district and provincial level were played as per the rules framed by the Akhil Maharashtra Sharirik Shikshan Mandal, while the Inter-Provincial Championships were based on Bucks Rules of Games and Sports, published by Mr. H. C Buck, Founder principal of YMCA College of Physical Education, Madras.The Indian Olympic Games were re-named as National Games in the year 1952 and are since being organized once in a year instead of biannually. The All India Kabaddi Federation, which was formed in the year 1952 appointed a Rules Sub-Committee with the let l oose purpose of laying down standard rules and regulations to be followed by affiliated provincial units all over the country. A new set of rules were framed by the Rules Sub-Committee based on Bucks Rules and the game rules followed till then by the Akhil Maharashtra Sharirik Shikshan Mandal.The games pattern also changed over the years, along with the standardization of rules and regulations. Some of the major changes in the games pattern include the introduction of the Unproductive Raid Rule, meter Out system, Bonus Line Game, etc that did not change the basic structure of the game but all the same had a lot of impact. Some of the major changes that had an impact on the game are being elaborated in this chapter for the benefit of the readers. UNPRODUCTIVE foray RULEThe Asian Amateur Kabaddi Federation at the behest of certain member countries introduced the Unproductive Raid Rule. The rule reads as follows. If in three consecutive raids by a side no point is scored by either si de, the opponents will get a point. The referee shall immediately declare such point which is to be record in the running score sheet by cutting the number with a cross mark X. The counts of such unproductive raids shall not be carried over to the game after Lona, recess at half time and to extra time. Rules of Kabaddi Asian Amateur Kabaddi Federation 1980As per the rule, in case no point is scored in three consecutive raids, the opponents side automatically gains a point. The referee is to immediately declare the point which shall be recorded in the running score sheet with the mark X. Though the score sheets records the scoring of a point, there is to be no revival of teammates as in the normal points scored. The idea place the introduction of this rule was to make sure that the raider went all out to struggle and gain points in order to avoid the risk of giving off points to the opponents side through three consecutive unproductive raids.However, it did not work out the way in which it was visualized, since the game lost about of its thrill and the scores did not reflect the true picture of the teams performance. After practicing the rule for three years in the National as well as Inter-National level, it was unanimously decided by the Asian Amateur Kabaddi Federation and the Amateur Kabaddi federation of India to cancel the rule. Now the rule is not in force at either the National or the inter- National level anymore. TIME OUT SYSTEM The time out system has recently been introduced in the Asian and Amateur Kabaddi Federation of India rules.Hither to, Time Out was allowed when called by the captain of the team, with the authorization of the referee, only in the event of injury of a player, not exceeding two minutes. Even in such an instance, no player on either side was allowed to leave the court without the permission of the referee. The Time Out Rule reads Each team shall be allowed to take two time out of 30 seconds in each half. Such time out may be called by the captain/coach of the team with the permission of the referee. During the time out, team shall not leave the ground.Any violation is committed by the player/s/coach a technical point shall be awarded to the opponent team. Official time out In the event of any injury to a player only, the referee shall call such time out. Such time out should not exceed two minutes. BONUS LINE GAME The fillip line rule came into existence in the year 1978 as an out-come of some experiments conducted during a workshop organized by the Amateur Kabaddi Federation of India in the year 1976, to make the game more interesting. The Bonus Line is a line drawn parallel to the baulk line at a distance of one meter from the baulk line towards the end line.The rule reads Bon-us Line should be drawn at a distance of one meter from the baulk line towards the end lines. One point shall be awarded to the raider when he alone crosses the Bonus Line. If the raider is caught, he shall be declared o ut and the opponent shall be awarded one point. One point shall also be awarded to the raider for having track the bonus line first. In this situation, the raider shall be awarded first point. The bonus line will be applicable when there are minimum hexad players in the court.The bonus point shall be awarded by the Referee/Umpire after the completion of the raid, by showing thumb upwards towards the side which scores. There shall be no revival for bonus point. The bonus point shall be marked in the shape of a triangle in the running score. If the raider after crossing the bonus line reaches home court safely touching one or more antis he will be awarded one bonus point in addition to the numbers. It is further clarified that crossing the Bonus Line is not compulsory and this rule applies only when the raider crosses the bonus line before the struggle.This rule makes the game more interesting since agile raiders can score points for their side without the risk of a struggle. A goo d defense is required to counter the raiders move to cross the Bonus Line and as such, the defense will concentrate on the Bonus Line, which will make the playing area smaller and increase the games tempo. Without the Bonus Line, it is possible that both sides begin very cautiously and end up with zero or single bod points, which makes the match very dull and slow.It is also possible that neither the raider nor the defense will take any risk, which will make the result of the match very predictable. This rule is being followed in the Kabaddi tournaments at all levels in India and efforts are being made to include the rule at the Asian Level. In the meeting of the Asian Amateur Kabaddi Federation held during the SAF Games at Katmandu, Nepal 1999, it was decided that the Bonus Line Rule be adopted by all member countries on an experimental basis for competitions at National level so as to consider the inclusion of the rule in the next Asian Games 2002.

Chinese Discrimination in the United States

Ethnic Groups and Discrimination Scott Johnson ETH 125 January 15, 2012 Stephanie Perry Ethnic Groups and Discrimination The Chinese immigrated to the United States in during the 1800s Official records show that before 1857, 46 Chinese immigrants were in the United States. Over the next 30 years more that 200,000 Chinese had immigrated to the United States. This immigration wave was largely because of the push of the awful conditions in china and the pull of the discovery of gold, and, job opportunities in the west (Immigration and the United States, Schafer, 2006). During the 1860s railroad work was abundant.The two lines, primaeval Union and Pacific Union, were the largest employer of the Chinese and the Irish. Working the Central Union was dangerous work through rough terrain. The work was dominated by the Chinese. Despite being 90% of the laborers the Chinese were paid less that the Irish who were 10% of the laborers. This dual labor market continues until the consequence of the railroads. Regardless of being the majority of the laborers, the Chinese were excluded from the Golden Spike ceremony in Promontory, Utah. After the completion of the completion of the railroad, the Chinese immigrants continued to accept work that others would not do.This caused an industrial dependence on cheap labor to fuel the American economy. The Chinese were invite as the economy needed them. When the labor was finished, they were no longer welcome. The Chinese welcome was short lived because of stereotypes that were prevalent before immigration. American traders and Protestant missionaries spoke to the American people of the Chinese exotic and sinister manners. These stereotypes caused sinophobia. This sinophobia directly resulted in the Yellow Peril, a threatened expansion of Asian populations as magnified in western immigration (answers. om). Takai, in 1989, noted that the fear of the Yellow Peril shattered any appetite to learn more about the customs of the Chinese, o r, themselves as a people. Sinophobia was compounded when the government passed the Chinese exclusion Act of 1882. This government work on not only outlawed Chinese immigration and naturalization for 10 years, but it led the American people to further discrimination any thought that the discrimination was unjust and unfounded was alleviated through the governmental act.At the end of the acts 10 year run, it was continued another 10 years, and, the practice continued into the 20th century. On December 17, 1943, the Magnuson Act repealed the Exclusion Act. Repealing the act allowed growth and assimilation of the Chinese people. The Chinese exhibit high affluence combined with a relatively high degree of segregation from Whites in a few metropolitan areas (Lee, C. N. , 2004). Redlining leads to the belief that the manisfestation of suburban ethnic districts may alleviate the need to bodily intergrate with Whites to obtain greater socioeconomic success.Despite the baseborn jobs the Ch inese continued to grow financially, and, the affluent Chinese continued to live next door to their poorer neighborhood, an act of self-segregation with the self-segregation encouraged forming their own chamber of commerce, public library, and hospitals. The square(a) destructive nature of residential segregation reared the discrimination perpetuated by the Federal Housing Administration (FHA), Homeowners Loan Act, De sidetrackment of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), the significant estate industry, banks, and other financial institutions (Massey & Denon, 1993).Chinatown, San Francisco, is not just the largest Chinese Town outside of Asia, but is the largest example of redlining. The 1870 anti-Chinese ordinances passed in San Francisco to curtail housing and employment options. The ordinances passed successfully pushed the Chinese into an unwanted area. Having them in one area made it easier for San Francisco law enforcement of curfews. In the San Francisco bay area the garmen t industry is made up of 53% Asian workers, mostly women. These sweat shops are overcrowded, not well ventilated and poorly lit (urbanhabitat. org).The garment workers are exposed to particles and toxic chemicals. Many women plant their children to work with them, and the particles and chemicals are known to be especially are harmful to children. Many Asian-American associates support reverse discrimination against Asian-Americans as demonstrated by being denied college entrance (asianam. com). Many Chinese are making donations to the very organizations that are anti-Chinese, in exchange for denial of Asian-Americans denial to colleges and universities. Thomas Espenthade and Alexandria Walton Radford examined data on students applying to college in 1997 and detect what ooks to be different standards for different racial groups. They found that Asian-Americans needed to have nearly perfect SAT scores of 1550 to have the homogeneous chances as other races which were requiring score s of 1100 to 1410. They also noted that other races were three to 15 times more likely to be accepted to university. Stephen Hsu noted that it appeared that the universitys magically end up with 20% Asian students. One Princeton lecturer asked if that number represents the Asian Ceiling. Is affirmation action working? Advocates of affirmation action argue that it is needed because of historical discrimination.Maybe that was true in 1970, but it is no longer true affirmative action is now a part of the minority machine, an indispensable component which is perpetual victimhood (jonstosselfoxnews. com). Yet another straddle that the Chinese have endured is the Glass Ceiling. Although experienced by both men and women, a double jeopardy has been attached to Chinese women. A Chinese man has a better opportunity to move up the ladder than a Chinese woman. In general, at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in 2000 one in 10 is on the professional staff while one in 25 was a manager (Var ma, 2004).As a whole, the Chinese are underrepresented as CEOs. Board members, and high level managers. While researching this essay I have discovered that the Chinese-Americans have endured. Upon arrival in the 1800s. I have become more culturally aware of their movement to quash stereotypes and discrimination, and there attempt to mainstream there elaboration in the United States. 1) asianam. com 2) jonstosselfoxnews. com 3) Lee, C. N. , 2004 4) Massey & Denon, 1993 5) Immigration and the United States, Schaefer, R. D. , 2006 6) urbanhabitat. org 7) Varma, 2004

Deception Point Page 55

A leviathan was rising from the water beside the iceberg, breaching the surface with an alarming hiss. Like or so mythical sea monster, it came-sleek, black, and lethal, with water foaming around it. Tolland forced himself to blink his eyes. His stack cleared slightly. The beast was close, bumping up against the ice like a huge shark butting a lessened boat. Massive, it towered before him, its skin shimmering and wet.As the hazy image went black, all that was left were the sounds. Metal on metal. dentition gnashing at the ice. Coming closer. Dragging bodies away.RachelTolland felt himself being grabbed roughly.And then everything went blank.64Gabrielle Ashe was at a upright jog when she entered the third-floor production room of first principle News. Even so, she was moving slower than every superstar else in the room. The intensity in production was at a fever pitch twenty-four hours a day, but at the jiffy the cubicle grid in front of her looked like the stock exchange on sp eed. Wild-eyed editors screamed to one a nonher over the tops of their compartments, fax-waving reporters darted from cubicle to cubicle comparing notes, and frantic interns inhaled Snickers and Mountain Dew between errands.Gabrielle had bang to ABC to see Yolanda Cole.Usually Yolanda could be found in productions high-rent district-the glass-walled undercover offices reserved for the decision makers who in truth required some quiet to think. Tonight, however, Yolanda was step forward on the floor, in the thick of it. When she saw Gabrielle, she let go forth her usual shriek of exuberance.Gabs Yolanda was wearing a batik body-wrap and tortoiseshell glasses. As always, several pounds of garish garments jewelry were draped off her like tinsel. Yolanda waddled over, waving. HugYolanda Cole had been a content editor with ABC News in Washington for sixteen years. A freckle-faced Pole, Yolanda was a squat, balding fair sex whom everyone affectionately called Mother. Her feminine pr esence and good humor disguised a street-savvy ruthlessness for squeezeting the story. Gabrielle had met Yolanda at a Women in Politics mentoring seminar shed attended shortly after her arrival in Washington. Theyd chatted nigh Gabrielles background, the challenges of being a woman in D.C., and finally closely Elvis Presley-a passion they were awed to discover they shared. Yolanda had taken Gabrielle under her locomote and helped her make connections. Gabrielle free stopped by every month or so to say hello.Gabrielle gave her a big hug, Yolandas enthusiasm already lifting her spirits.Yolanda stepped back and looked Gabrielle over. You look like you aged a hundred years, female child What happened to you?Gabrielle lowered her voice. Im in trouble, Yolanda.Thats not the word on the street. Sounds like your man is on the rise.Is in that location some place we can talk in private?Bad timing, honey. The President is holding a pressing conference in about half an hour, and we sti ll havent a clue what its all about. Ive got to line up expert commentary, and Im flying blind.I know what the press conference is about.Yolanda lowered her glasses, looking skeptical. Gabrielle, our correspondent inside the innocence House is in the dark on this one. You say sacristans campaign has advance knowledge?No, Im face I have advance knowledge. Give me five minutes. Ill tell you everything.Yolanda glanced down at the red albumin House envelope in Gabrielles hand. Thats a White House internal. Whered you labour that?In a private meeting with Marjorie Tench this afternoon.Yolanda stared a long moment. Follow me.Inside the privacy of Yolandas glass-walled cubicle, Gabrielle confided in her trusted friend, admiting to a one-night affair with Sexton and the fact that Tench had photographic evidence.Yolanda smiled broadly and shook her head laughing. Apparently she had been in Washington journalism so long that nothing shocked her. Oh, Gabs, I had a hunch you and Sexton had probably hooked up. Not surprising. Hes got a reputation, and youre a bewitching girl. Too bad about the photos. I wouldnt worry about it, though.Dont worry about it?Gabrielle explained that Tench had accused Sexton of taking illegal bribes from blank space companies and that Gabrielle had just overheard a secret SFF meeting confirming that fact Again Yolandas expression conveyed little surprise or concern-until Gabrielle told her what she was thinking of doing about it.Yolanda now looked troubled. Gabrielle, if you want to hand over a legal chronicle saying you slept with a U.S. senator and stood by while he lied about it, thats your business. But Im telling you, its a very bad move for you. You need to think long and hard about what it could mean for you.Youre not listening. I dont have that kind of timeI am listening, and sweetheart, whether or not the clock is ticking, there are certain things you just do not do. You do not sell out a U.S. senator in a sex filth. Its suicid e. Im telling you, girl, if you take down a presidential candidate, you better get in your car and drive as far from D.C. as possible. Youll be a marked woman. A lot of people spend a lot of money to put candidates at the top. Theres big pay and power at stake here-the kind of power people kill for.Gabrielle fell silent now.Personally, Yolanda said, I think Tench was leaning on you in hopes youd panic and do something dumb-like bail out and confess to the affair. Yolanda pointed to the red envelope in Gabrielles hands. Those shots of you and Sexton dont mean squat unless you or Sexton admit theyre accurate. The White House knows if they leak those photos, Sexton will just claim theyre phony and throw them back in the presidents face.I thought of that, but still the campaign finance bribery issue is-Honey, think about it. If the White House hasnt gone public yet with bribery allegations, they probably dont intend to. The President is pretty serious about no negative campaigning. My guess is he decided to save an aerospace industry scandal and sent Tench after you with a bluff in hopes he might scare you out of hiding on the sex thing. Make you stab your candidate in the back.Gabrielle considered it. Yolanda was making sense, and yet something still felt odd. Gabrielle pointed through the glass at the bustling news room. Yolanda, you guys are gearing up for a big presidential press conference. If the President is not passing play public about bribery or sex, whats it all about?Yolanda looked stunned. Hold on. You think this press conference is about you and Sexton?Or the bribery. Or both. Tench told me I had until eight tonight to sign a confession or else the President was going to announce-Yolandas laughter shook the entire glass cubicle. Oh please Wait Youre killing meGabrielle was in no humor for joking. WhatGabs, listen, Yolanda managed, between laughs, trust me on this. Ive been dealing with the White House for sixteen years, and theres no way Zach Hern ey has called in concert the global media to tell them he suspects Senator Sexton is accepting shady campaign financing or sleeping with you. Thats the kind of information you leak. Presidents dont gain popularity by interrupting regularly scheduled programming to bitch and moan about sex or alleged infractions of cloudy campaign finance laws.Cloudy? Gabrielle snapped. Flat out exchange your decision on a space bill for millions in ad money is hardly a cloudy issueAre you sure thats what he is doing? Yolandas tone hardened now. Are you sure replete to drop your skirt on national TV? Think about it. It takes a lot of alliances to get anything done these days, and campaign finance is complex stuff. Maybe Sextons meeting was perfectly legal.

Health and Safety in Social Care Essay

The mission The prevention of death, injury and ill health to those at determine and those affected by work activities. Shocking failures its why we need to obey the law We cognize its an extremely important aspect of tutelage. We know at that places been a lot of give some how to improve it. We know there have been high-profile cases where its failed miserably. But do we really attend what safeguarding means on a day-to-day basis for everyone involved in providing or receiving fretting? And theres been much discussion about whether adults at significant risk is better. Sometimes theres confusion between safeguarding and adult protection, which relates to investigation of abuse rather than its prevention. Health and social care workers protecting the vulnerable The terminology can be an issue in itself. We now refer to adults at risk after the impartiality Commissions report on adult social care pointed out that the previously acceptable term vulnerable adult could sugges t that the cause of abuse was locate with the victim, and didnt place responsibility with the actions of others. The commission found that people saw the term as stigmatising, dated, interdict and disempowering. Part of a systemLegislation, regulation and guidance are becoming clearer and more consistent, with the implementation of the Law Commission recommendations on adult protection and making safeguarding adult boards which already exist in intimately local authorities mandatory.But theres still a lot to learn, not least about what constitutes a safeguarding issue and what relates to everyday management, staff practice, quality and safety. Without that clarity, people may worry about over-reacting or taking the wrong action.

Why is Aluminium utilised in the contemporary world?

nuclear number 13 is utilize extravagantly in the contemporary world, primarily due to its unique structure and desirable properties. Further, nuclear number 13 is the most abundant coat in the earths crust thus, scarcity is non a problem. It is a member of the corpuscleic number 5 group of chemical elements, and is the most widely utilize non-ferrous metal ( satellite Ark, 2010). It has the symbol Al, and its atomic number is 13. It is necessary to consider the fact that pure atomic number 13 is not often used as it has poor automatonlike properties. It is usu wholey alloyed with early(a) metals or silicon (Chemical constancy Education Centre, 2011). A key field of view in which atomic number 13 alloys are utilised is for the construction of aircraft and rockets.Aircraft manufacturers use noble-strength aluminium alloys for the construction of aircraft and rockets. This is because aluminium (the paramount element of the alloy) is able to be compounded with other me tals and substances, is eminently malleable, disgustful to corrosion and consists of a high strength to immersion ratio, in comparison to other metals. aluminum is used in virtually all segments of the aircraft, missile and spacecraft industry-in airframes, engines, accessories, and tankage for liquid fuel and oxidizers (Davis, 2000).Further, aluminium 7075 is an aluminium alloy that is used heavily in the construction of aircraft and rockets (The aluminum Association, 2008).Aluminium consists of a low ionisation energy, as well as a relatively high atomic radius, in comparison to other metals. The ground state valence electron configuration of Aluminium is 3s2 3p1 (Web Elements Ltd, 2011). Consequently, Aluminium comprises of three valence electrons, which are able to be shared with other elements, or in this instance, metal atoms. In addition, as aluminium has a low ionization number, 6.0 electron Volts (Ev), as well as moderately low ionisation energies, this implies that the valence electrons of aluminium atoms are not strongly held by the nucleus, and are thus, delocalized. Delocalized electrons are not restricted to one atom or some other they are distributed across several atoms in the solid. Thus, valence electrons can move freely out of the regularize of their kernels (atomic orbit/structure minus valence electrons). Consequently, aluminium, and other metals, has free mobile electrons (Tutor thought, 2010). In addition, the bonding in metals is often described through the electron sea model.Another reason as to wherefore Aluminium is able to be compounded with other elements pertains to its negativism. Electronegativity is a measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons (Clark, 2009). The Pauling shield is used to measure the electronegativity of a grumpy element. Metals reactivity is dependent on their electropositivity thus, a metal with a higher value in the Pauling Scale is less activated than another metal with a lower value in the Pauling Scale (Tutor Vista, 2010). The electronegativity of aluminium is 1.61 Pauling units (Pu) (refer to table 3), whereas the electronegativity of copper is 1.65 Pu and iron, 1.83 Pu (refer to table 3). Thus, aluminium is more reactive than copper and steel, and is able to be adeptly bonded with other elements. (Other factors are involved)Malleability is the ability of a metal to evidence large deformation or plastic response when being subjected to compressive force (Engineers Edge, 2012). The key reason as to why Aluminium is highly malleable pertains to its poly watch crystalline structure. The polycrystalline structure of aluminium consists of various dislocations, or crystallographic defects. The presence and movement of these dislocations, gives rise to characteristic and desirable metallic properties, for instance, malleability (Davyson).Aluminium is highly resistant to corrosion. This is primarily because a thin visible oxide forms instantly, wh en the metal is exposed to the atmosphere. These substances are formed as aluminium has the electron configuration 1s22s22p63s23p1, and oxygen has the electron configuration 1s22s22p4 this means that aluminium loses 1-3 valance electrons to oxygen, yielding aluminium cations with a 3+ charge, as well as oxygen atoms with a 2- charge. This is an example of an ionic bond. In addition, when Aluminium oxide is formed, it consists of a noble gas configuration, and therefore, is balanced as well as stable. The formation of Aluminium oxide can be represented by the following formula4Al(s) + 3O2(g) 2Al2O3(s)Further, this oxide layer is one of the main reasons for aluminiums good corrosion properties it is self-repairing if damaged, and is stable in the general ph range 4-9 (SAPA Profiles UK Ltd, 2010). When aluminium is used for the construction of aircraft and rockets, it is often anodized to improve strength, and colour (Davis, 2000).Aluminium 7075 possesses an incredibly high strength t o density ratio. The upper limit/ultimate tensile strength of the alloy varies from 40000 psi to 78000 psi, depending on the grade of the temper (Alcoa, 2011). It is strong, with strength same to many steels (iron). The tensile strength of iron (Fe) is approximately 40,000 psi (All Metals & Forge Group, 2011). Aluminium 7075 has a density of 2.8g/cm where as the density of steel is 7.87 g/cm, approximately 282.07% greater. The low atomic mass, 26.982 AMU, and high atomic radius of aluminium, 182pm, relate to the principal reason as to why it has a low density, in comparison to iron. Iron, on the other hand, has an atomic mass of 58.845 AMU and an atomic radius of 172pm.Aluminium consists of a face-centred cubic (fcc) crystal structure, whereas iron has a body-centred cubic structure. The atomic packing factor (APF) of a face-centred cubic crystal structure is 0.74, whilst the APF of a body-centred cubic crystal structure is 0.68. Although aluminium comprises of a more compact atom ic structure, the fact that Aluminium has a higher atomic radius, as well as lower atomic mass, in comparison to that of iron thus, having less mass in a certain space than iron, allows it to conduct a lower density. This pertains to the fact that density is equal to mass over volume (d=m/v).Aluminium is used extravagantly in the contemporary world, primarily due to its unique structure and desirable properties. A Key area in which aluminium is utilised is for the construction of aircraft and rockets. The reasons, as to why aluminium is used in this particular application, are apparent and abundant.BibliographyAlcoa. (2011). Alloy 7075. Retrieved 2012 11-February from Alcoa http//www.alcoa.com/mill_products/catalog/pdf/alloy7075techsheet.pdfAll Metals & Forge Group. (2011). Metal Tidbits, tractile Strength. Retrieved 2012 11-February from All Metals & Forge Group Web site http//www.steelforge.com/metaltidbits/tensilestrength.htmChemical Industry Education Centre. (2011). Aluminiu m Uses. Retrieved 2012 11-February from Greener Industry http//www.greener-industry.org.uk/pages/aluminium/aluminium_2uses.htmClark, J. (2009). Electronegativity. Retrieved 2012 14-February from Chemguide Web site http//www.chemguide.co.uk/atoms/bonding/electroneg.htmlDavis, J. (2000). Corrosion of Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys. New York ASM International.Davyson, S. (n.d.). The Structure of Aluminium. Retrieved 2012 11-February from Aluminium http//sam.davyson.com/as/physics/aluminium/siteus/structure.htmlEngineers Edge. (2012). Malleability Strength (Mechanics) of Materials. Retrieved 2012 4-February from Engineers Edge Web site http//www.engineersedge.com/material_science/malleability.htmPlanet Ark. (2010 10-December). Aluminium. Retrieved 2012 11-February from Planet Ark http//cans.planetark.org/recycling-info/facts.cfmSAPA Profiles UK Ltd. (2010). Aluminiums Corrosion Resistance. Retrieved 2012 14-February from Aluminium Design http//www.aluminiumdesign.net/corrosion-res istance.htmlSwarthmore College Computer Society. (2012). Ductility. Retrieved 2012 11-February from Swarthmore College Computer Society Web site http//www.sccs.swarthmore.edu/users/08/ajb/tmve/wiki100k/docs/Ductility.htmlThe Aluminum Association. (2008). Aluminum in Aircraft. Retrieved 2012 11-February from The Aluminum Association website http//www.aluminum.org/CONTENT/NAVIGATIONMENU/THEINDUSTRY/TRANSPORTATIONMARKET/AIRCRAFT/DEFAULT.HTMTutor Vista. (2010). Bonding in Metallic solids. Retrieved 2012 11-February from Tutor Vista Web site http//chemistry.tutorvista.com/physical-chemistry/metallic-bonding.htmlWeb Elements Ltd. (2011). Properties of Aluminium Atoms. Retrieved 2012 12-February from Web Elements the Periodic Table on the Web http//www.webelements.com/aluminium/atoms.html

Retailer Companies Essay

AmazonAmazon is an online retailer until now there read been talks and currents articles of the telephoner planning to open a w arhouse install in New York City. However being an online nevertheless retailer means the company can meet any customer target and offer obtain to anyone. This removes travel time, travel costs and parking costs which appeal to to a greater extent customers. This can also appeal to younger shoppers aged 16+ who are unable to drive and must pay fall out a large charge in travel fare. There is also a larger reach in the consumer area and they now have the ability to reach a worldwide target. Also being an online yet pipeline they can give specific and limited tax deductioning to their products.New LookNew look is a multiple store that usually located in an in town area. Being located in town has many profits and disadvantages. One of the advantages to being an in town store is the easy access by two public and personal transport. However a disadv antage to this is the large travel costs both paying for tickets on trains or busses that also petrol and parking costs. A second advantage in the allotted sale space can be increased and the store can have a larger floor space. However due to this the store costs more to rent and hang meaning there are only a small amount of discounts the store is able to give.PandoraPandora is a multinational company using a multiple store which is usually located in out of town areas. Because of the area where they are placed they have a long travel time fashioning the easiest travel option the car however you can travel to them on public transport but many involve changes and larger fares. However due to the travel costs the areas slightly reduce store costs and also allow free parking. This means that although travel time and cost is high it holds more appeal due to the lower prices and free parking.Best One NewsagentsBest One Newsagents is a franchised business that is based in locallocatio ns. The areas that these stores are in are specifically placed in accordance to the surrounding area. They go away be in an area where there are many houses surrounding them so that customers have east when acquittance to the store. Due to the fact of them being a local store they are smaller than others and are able to grass items at cheaper prices. This appeals to the customers so that they can get bits they need without going to supermarkets and paying a higher price. eBayeBay is an online only auction site where people are able to sell unwanted items securely. This means they can sell items that people are looking for E.G a new iPad melodic phrase would usually be sold at retail price for 399 but on eBay a new but used one could be sold at up to a 90% discount and that could be a set price or they could use the auction and consumers could bid to see who will be the one to purchase the item. As this is a selling site you will need to deliver the money and many use PayPal as it is a secure way to pay the money however you can just pay cash if you are collecting the item.

Sexual Selection

familiar selection was an idea proposed by Darwin and refers to the regale in which males and females attempt to maximize their chances of fruitful success. Within a species there ar certain characteristics that produce individuals attractive to potential mates. An example of this is in peacocks, female peacocks are attracted to males with long brightly colored tails, level off though this makes them easier to be spotted by predators. This characteristic then evolves within the species due to how males with this characteristic bedevil a higher chance of reproductive success and their characteristics being passed on to surviving offspring.There are 2 types of sexual selection. Intersexual selection takes place when males compete for the attention of a female. The female allow maneuver an active role in choosing her mate and entrust choose the mate with the best characteristics in direct to produce the offspring with the best characteristics. The some other type is Intrase xual selection. This takes place when males compete against each other and are rewarded with the female. The female plays a passive role in this. An example of intrasexual selection is Shorts spermatozoan competition.This suggests that males are motivated to ensure that their sperm is successful in fertilization and bottomland compete against other males. This is essential due to how in some species the female volition mate with a number of unalike males so the male with the best fertilizing sperm will win. In humans this has resulted in men evolving to secrete much larger amounts of sperm after ejaculation to help increase the likelihood of fertilization. Harvey and May suggested that ethic differences in testicle size may reflect adaptive differences in pair strategies within assorted populations.Samples battle arrayed that Chinese mens testicles were approximately half the size Danish mens testicles. This means a chinese man will be at a disadvantage if the female mates with a numerous amount of males and will most in all probability enter a long term relationship in order to grow offspring. Males are more likely to use short term mating strategies as a construct of producing offspring due to how they have an unlimited amount of sperm compared to women who have limited amount of reproductive opportunities.Clark and Hatfield helped support this by getting female and male experiments to ask male and female participants if they would like to follow in casual sex. 75% of males said yes while every female participant said no This helps support the sexual selection system as it shows that females have to be more careful with mating as they only have a limited amount of opportunities therefore are more likely to enter a longterm mating strategy. Males can have casual sex with little investment so are more likely to then females. This study helps to show the gender differences.Much of the research documenting sex differences in mate choice focus on takeences rather than on real life choices. So a male may have a preference but may have to settle for much less. Mate choice is a product of mate preferences form in the environment of evolutionary adaptiveness (EEA). Sexual selection suggests that females prefer males who they can gain benefits from such as gifts. This is shown in male birds who make nests for females in order to mate with them and withal in insects who give nuptial gifts. Sexual selection also suggests that females prefer males who have a strong jawline and prominent cheekbones.These characteristics arise because of a strong presence of testosterone which also helps to omen fertility within males. Penton-voack demonstrate that during a womens most fertile time in her menstrual calendar method they preferred a male whose face shape was more masculinised (strong jawline etc.. ) Suggesting that females like males who show high levels of testosterone, musical accompaniment sexual selection theory. buss explore d whether there were universals of human mate preference. His research spanned across 37 cultures and tangled 10 thousand participants of different religion,ethnic and economic groups, increasing the validity of the study.He then made the study take down more ecologically valid by varying the sampling procedure per culture. Results showed that women in all cultures show a preferences for men with resources while males placed more ferocity on womens attractiveness as it is an emphasis on their physical health. This supports the claims made by the sexual selection theory that women will form relationships with men for resources as it will benefit them and increase the survivability of their offspring which is a cleaning womans chief(prenominal) evolutionary goal.A problem is in some cultures arranged marriages is the normal and individuals have no choice on their mate as it is already chosen by their parents, so the studies validity can be questioned as this will affect the resul ts obtained. Buss further helped to supported mate choice by looking at real marriages. He found that when males divorce many of them go for younger women when they choose to marry again. This is due to how men will hope to be in a relationship with women in their most fertile age and the younger the woman is the more chance of reproductive success the male his.This helps to support the evolutionary theory that a mans main goal is to produce as many surviving offspring as possible. The evolutionary approach can be seen as deterministic due to how it suggests our genes specify exactly how we will behave. The approach fails to take into write up that our genes are not the only thing that determine how we behave, the environment in which we grew up in will also have an effect on us. This is known as the nature vs nurture debate where it is argued if our biologic factors or the way in which we are brought up makes up how we behave when we grow up.The evolutionary theory suggests that rape is an evolved and adaptive behaviour which enhance reproductive success. Sterglanz and Nash suggest that the theory offers justification for rape as it explains why males who cant compete with other males for resources and women will produce offspring. This is socially sensitive and has been met by much hostility from the general public and women psychologists due to how it is an issue which negatively affects the lives of many.The evolutionary theory is also seen as reductionist as it explains humans reproductive behaviors as a result of our genes, ignoring the environmental actors which also decide our behavior. The approach also ignores homosexual relationships and only accounts for heterosexual relationships and the roles in which men and women take. To conclude the sexual selection theory helps to explain that males and females attempt to maximize their reproductive success by getting with a partner with certain characteristics, these characteristics will then evolve over time due to how individuals in a species with these characteristics will have a higher chance of reproductive success